Dr. Philip Fisher applies knowledge from the science of early brain development to children in foster care, adopted children, and other children who have experienced abuse and neglect. He explains how specific types of toxic stress that commonly occur in these children are increasingly understood to disrupt the development of key stress regulatory brain systems, and presents an evidence-based model that utilizes brain plasticity and toxic stress reduction to mitigate negative impacts on this population. Dr. Fisher makes an argument outlining why we should be concerned about this population and the policies of the child welfare system.